Isomer

 This time I will memebahas about the new isomer morning I learned while studying chemistry. For more details, read the following article.

Isomers
In chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula (and often with the same type of bond), but has a different arrangement of atoms (can be likened to an anagram). Most isomers have similar chemical properties to each other. There is also a term of nuclear isomers, namely nuclei that have different levels of excitation.
A simple example of an isomer is C3H8O. There are three isomers with the chemical formula, the two molecules of alcohol and an ether molecule. Two molecules of alcohol is 1-propanol (n-propyl alcohol, I), and 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol, II). In molecule I, the oxygen atoms attached to the carbon tip, whereas the second molecule of oxygen atoms attached to the carbon second (middle). Both alcohol has similar chemical properties. While the third isomer, methyl ethyl ether, have significant differences in the properties of the two molecules before. This compound is not an alcoholic, but an ether, wherein the oxygen atom attached to two carbon atoms instead of one carbon and one hydrogen as well as alcohol. Ether does not have a hydroxyl group.

There are two types of isomers, namely structural isomers and stereoisomers. Structural isomers are isomers that differ from the arrangement / sequence of atoms bonded to each other. The examples mentioned above included into the structural isomers. While stereoisomers have the same structure, but some atom or functional group having a different geometry.

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Food Chain

In this article will discuss about the definition of the food chain. Keep in mind that a living organism in the world will always need other organisms and the environment. relationship between an individual and his environment is very complex, mutually influencing each other or reciprocal. Interrelationships between biological elements with non-biological form of ecological systems called ecosystems. Now it came to pass in the ecosystem food chain, energy flow and cycles of Biogeochemistry.

Understanding food chain
The food chain is the transfer of energy from the source in plants through a series of organisms that eat and are eaten.
Scientists recognize three kinds of ecological principal chain, ie the chain predators, parasites chain, and chain saprophyte.
- Chain Predators
The primary basis of Chain Predators are green plants as producers. The chain starts from predators that are herbivorous animals as consumers I, followed by carnivores that prey on herbivores as consumers of the 2nd and ends on carnivorous and herbivorous predators as consumers-3.
- Chain of Parasites
Parasitic chain starting from large organisms to organisms that live as parasites. Examples of parasitic organisms such as worms, bacteria, and parasites.
- Chain saprophyte
Saprophyte chain starting from dead organisms into bodies decomposing. For example, fungi and bacteria. Chains above do not stand alone but are interrelated with one another to form the pharyngeal-faring food.
Trophic Level Food Chain and
One way the community interacts with the event is eating and being eaten, so that the transfer of energy, chemical elements, and other components from one form to another along the food chain.
Organisms in ecological groups involved in the food chain is classified into trophic levels. Trophic level is composed of all organisms in the food chain are numbered alike in the rate of eating.
Source of energy comes from the sun. Plants produce sugars through photosynthesis using only solar energy and C02 from the air. Therefore, plants are classified in the first trophic level. Herbivores eat plants or organisms, including members of the second trophic level. Carnivores eat herbivores directly including the third trophic level, while carnivores that eat carnivores in three trophic levels are included in the fourth trophic iingkat members.
Ecological Pyramid
Trophic structure of the ecosystem can be expressed in terms of the ecological pyramid. There are three types of ecological pyramids, the pyramid of numbers, pyramid of biomass, and energy pyramids.
- Pyramid Number
Organisms with each trophic level - each can be presented in a pyramid number, as we know the first trophic level organisms are usually the most abundant, while the trophic level organisms in the second, third, and further decreasing. It can be said that in most normal communities, the number of plants is always more than herbivorous organisms. Likewise the number of herbivores is always greater than the number carnivore level 1. Kamivora level 1 is also always more than the carnivore level 2. Pyramid this amount is based on the number of organisms at each trophic level.
- Pyramid of Biomass
In pyramid pyramid modest amount is often less helpful in demonstrating the energy flow in ecosystems. A more realistic depiction can be served with a pyramid of biomass. Biomass is a measure of understanding of the weight of living matter in a certain time. To measure the biomass at each trophic level, the average weight of organisms at each level should be measured and then the number of organisms at each level are predicted.
Biomass pyramid fusion mass function describing the whole organism in a particular habitat, and is measured in grams.
To avoid damage to the habitat it is usually only a few samples were taken and measured, and then calculated the total biomass. With measurements like these will get more accurate information about what is happening in the ecosystem.
- Pyramid Energy
Often pyramid of biomass does not always give the information we need about a particular ecosystem. Others with energy pyramid is based on observations made in a long time. Energy pyramid is able to provide the most accurate picture of energy flow in ecosystems.
In the energy pyramid decline in number of consecutive energy available at each trophic level. Reduced its energy at each trophic occur due to the following.
1. Only a certain number of foods are caught and eaten by the next trophic level.
2. Some foods can not be eaten and excreted as waste dicemakan.
3. Only partially digested food becomes part of the body of organisms, while the rest is used as an energy source.
Hopefully this article that discusses the understanding and explanation of the food chain could be useful to you in need, and certainly could add to knowledge.

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ION

This time I will post artkel related to my subject is chemistry. I will explain what it ion. Laneways more details, read the following article.

Ion
Ions are atoms or group of atoms that are electrically charged. Negatively charged ions, which captures one or more electrons, called anions, because he was attracted towards the anode. Positively charged ions, which lost one or more electrons, called cations, attracted to the cathode. The process of formation of ions is called ionization. Atoms or groups of atoms are ionized characterized by tikatas n + or n-, where n is the number of electrons lost or gained.

history
Ion was first presented in the form of the theory by Michael Faraday in around 1830, to describe the parts of the molecule that are moving towards the anode or cathode in a vacuum tube (vacuum tube, CRT). However, this new event mechanism described in 1884 by Svante August Arrhenius in his doctoral dissertation at the University of Uppsala. At first, this theory is not accepted (he earned his degree with a minimum value), but then his dissertation won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903.

Ion solution
Ion solution is a solution containing ions can move freely so that the bias conduct electricity.

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HISTORY OF INCORPORATION POLDA SULSEL

This time I will explain about the history of South Sulawesi police that once I occupy to industry practice for 3 months. For more details, read the following article.

HISTORY OF INCORPORATION POLDA SULSEL

• History
RI police historical history born 1 July 1946. At that time a separate office directly under the prime minister. Based Kep.Kapolri nopol / Decision / 06 / IX / 1996, then on 16 September 1996 formed Police based in Makassar South Sulawesi.
South Sulawesi Police responsible for security and stability in the South and West regions. In 2004 the creation of some parts of South Sulawesi West Sulawesi widened. Area of ​​South Sulawesi: 45574.53 km2 administratively consists of 20 counties and 3 cities. While the area of ​​West Sulawesi: 16787.17 km2 consists of 5 districts.

• strength of materials, facilities and services sulsel.htm Police
1. Car
2. Motor
3. Ship / vessel
4. Helicopter
5. Special vehicles
6. Weapon
7. Ammunition
8. Alsus (Special Tools)
9. Alsatri (Cleaning Equipment)
10. Furniture
11. Alkomlek (Communication Equipment)
12. Medical Devices (Medical Devices)

• Police Command Headquarters of South Sulawesi consists of:
- 1 Police Headquarters
- 1 Mapolresta
- 28 Mapolres
 -172 Mapolsek
South Sulawesi Police addressed at Jl. Independence Pioneers Makassar km 16 90 241. South Sulawesi Police charge several Polwil and Police. Poda sulsel.htm headed by Inspector General of Police Drs. Mudji Waluyo, SH.MM and named his deputy Brig Drs. H. Syahrul Mamma, SH, MH

VISION AND MISSION POLDA SULSEL
• VISION
Providing protection and service area regional police kepadamasyarakat sulsel.htm by creating a skilled police look prepesional fast and strong and I believe the people through enterprising management and management issues and sistemats treprogram police so as to realize the situation sulsel.htm a safe area regional police and dynamic.
• MISSION
1. Providing services, protection and shelter to the community so that people can be free from physical interference or fisikis.
2. always implement changes towards improvement in order to meet the challenges of existing social change and in order to realize a strong view serves to protect the unity of the community.
3. Mennekan kamtibmas disorder that occurs through preensif, preventive and law enforcement measures, professional and high menjungjung proforsonal and ham in order to reduce the level of public unrest.
4 Realizing area regional police sulsel.htm a safe and orderly manner through the enterprising, to accommodate the interests of government and society in general dismissal legislation in force so kawasanpropinsi sulsel.htm can be a gateway eastern Indonesia in the international and regional
5. Maintaining kamtibmas while memperjhatikan norms and values ​​prevailing in the frame of democratic society.
6. Enforce the law quickly professional and high menjungjung propolsional view of the supremacy of law and Ham leads to legal certainty and a sense of justice.
7. Managing human resources in the national police are propesional sulsel.htm luinkungan regional police in order to optimize the tasks and objectives of regional police sulsel.htm
8. Managing infrastructure and resource matril unity and order to support the operational needs of the task execution.
9. Managing the implementation of a functional police force so as to realize the national police can trust in the community.
10.Mewujudkan didtematis police management model as a whole, synergy, and can serve as guidelines in the performance of duties.
11.Melakukan closer police and community efforts through real activities came to, communicate with each other to share information and try to resolve issues early on in the context of community-based policing

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History of Surah An-nass

does not know about the history of the surah an-nass? time in I will post an article about the history of the decline surah an-nass. for more details read the article below.

Surat An-Nas consists of 6 paragraphs, including class letters Makkiyah, revealed after Sura Falaq. Name taken from An An Naas Naas who repeatedly referred to in the letter that that mean man.

The principal contents:
The command to man in order to seek refuge in Allah from all sorts of evil come into the human soul from the jinn and mankind.

Asbabun Nuzul Surah An-Naas:
Imam Baihaqi in his book Dalaailun nubuwwah summon a tradition through the Al-Kalbi has received from Abu Saleh, Abu Saleh received from Ibn Abbas ra Ibn Abbas r.a. told, that the Messenger of Allah. experiencing ill, then two angels come to him. One sat next to his head while the other at his feet.

The angel who is next to her legs said to the angel who was in his head: "What do you see?" The angel that was at his head, said: "Thabb". The angel who was at his feet asking: "Is Thabb it?" He replied: "Magic".

The angel who was at his feet asking: "Who bewitched him? ' He replied: "Al A'sham Lubaid Jews". The angel who was at his feet asking: "Where is the magic that saved?" The angel that was at his head replied: "In the Polan family well, he lies beneath a large rock wrapped in a state".

Then they both went to the well, and then they drain the water and picked up a large rock, and then they take it and burn bundle. And at dawn, the morning of the night of the Prophet. Ammar ibn Yasir sent along with a few others to take the magic bundle.

Then they went to the well, all of a sudden when they got there to see the well water as if red blood. Furthermore, they drain the water well and picked up a large stone in it, then they took out a bundle of magic then immediately burn. Apparently in a bundle that contained a rope to her eleven knots or ties.

Then the second surah was revealed to the Prophet., Every time he reads a verse of the second Sura terlepuslah single bond.

Both of these chapters, the first starting with his words, "You may say, 'I take refuge in the Lord of The master dawn ...'" (Surat al-Falaq, 1)

and the second sura begins with his words, "You may say, 'I seek refuge with the Lord of men ...'" (Surah An Naas, 1) has the origin of this tradition in Sahih Shahid only, without mention of the fall of two chapters;

but the decline in the two chapters that had Shahid others who strengthens Asbaabun Nuzul two suras that.

Imam Abu Na'im on the book Dalaail summon a hadith of Abu Jakfar Ar through the ja Raazi have received from Ar Rabi 'ibn Anas, then Ar Rabi' has been received also from Anas ibn Malik ra Anas ibn Malik r.a. told, that there is a Jew to do something about the Prophet UAW. So because of this, the Messenger of Allah. experiencing illness, when the friends came to see him, they thought, that it was caused by ordinary saki.

Then came the angel Gabriel to bring down both this chapter; angel Gabriel immediately by reading the two chapters treat it. Then the Messenger of Allah. out to meet his friends in good health and fresh-fit.

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standard enthalpy of formation

This time I will post about the subject chemical associated with enthalpy. This lesson I learned in class 3. Laneways more details bca article below.

Enthalpy change for the formation of one mole of a substance directly from its elements called molar enthalpy of formation or the enthalpy of formation. If the measurement is made at the standard state (298 K, 1 atm) and all of its elements in the form of the standard, the enthalpy change is called the standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf 0). Enthalpy of formation is expressed in kJ per mole (kJ mol -1).
So that there is uniformity, then it should set the standard state, the temperature 25 0 C and a pressure of 1 atm. Thus thermochemical calculations based on the state standards.
In general, in thermochemical equation stated:
AB + CD ----> AC + BD Δ H0 = x kJ / mol
Δ H0 is the epitome of the enthalpy change in circumstances. What is meant by the standard form of an element is the most stable form of the element at standard conditions (298 K, 1 atm).
For elements that have allotropes form, standard form specified by that sense. For example, carbon can form diamond and graphite, a form of default is graphite, because graphite is the most stable form of carbon at 298 K, 1 atm. Two things to note is related to the enthalpy of formation of the substance formed is 1 mole and formed from its elements in standard form.
Example: enthalpy of formation of ethanol (C2H5OH) (l) is -277.7 kJ per mole. This means: the formation of 1 mole (46 grams) of ethanol from elements in standard form, the carbon (graphite), hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, measured at 298 K, 1 atm 277.7 kJ released by termokimianya equation is :
2 C (s, graphite) + 3H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) -> C2 H5 OH (l) ΔH = -277.7 kJ
Value of enthalpy of formation of various substances and the formation reaction thermochemical equations given in Table 2 below.
Table 2. Value of the enthalpy of formation of various substances and thermochemical reaction equation formation

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Understanding Printer

This time I will post about the printer. What sense printers, printer parts, and how to maintain the printer. For more details, read the following article.

UNDERSTANDING THE PRINTER
Printer is one of the hardware (hardware) connected computer and have a function to print text, images and tampilanlainnya from computer to paper or similar media. The term is known padaresolusi printer called dpi (dots per inch). That is a large number titikdalam area 1 inch wide. The higher the resolution the better the prints produced. Conversely, if the resolution is low then the results cetakanakan bad / not good.

PRINTER PARTS
1) Casing printer
2) the operator panel
3) Place the paper feeds
4) Place the paper exit
5) The front cover

Printer parts
- Tray is a place to put the paper.
- Picker as a tool to take the paper from the tray.
- Ink or toner printer is a device that is used to write or print on paper. Ink and Toner have differences on the system. Require heating or laser toner, ink or inkjet while not need heating, just cleaning or cleaning the print-head printer.
- Flexible cable for signal transmission from the processor to the printer ink or toner. These cables are thin and flexible, yet powerful.
- On the back of the printer usually parallel or USB port for connecting to a computer.

 HOW TO MAINTAIN THE PRINTER
1. The printer should be used regularly. Kedaan Do not leave the printer off for a long time. Turn on the printer at least 1 times 48 hours. If the colors do not just menggunaannya printer to print black only, use the same to print color images for all printer head work. If print quality has declined printer do the cleaning by doing print head clean with the facilities that already exist in the printer software. Do keep the print head clean up the quality improves.
2. In reload / refile, avoid touching the pin CMOS image while the crossed hands. Pin is extremely sensitive or may be damaged if exposed to static electricity in your body.
 3. to avoid chemical reactions in the printer, then use the same brand of ink charging
 remanufactured ink.
4. Use a neat paper when printing. It is intended that the print head is not easily damaged due to the uneven surface of the paper.
5. Clean tertur printer from dust and dirt. Use a small brush to be part of one in the printer can be affordable.
6. Use a cloth to cover the printer when not in use to avoid dust, do mentup printer too tight, as this may cause the printer to become moist, objec this can cause damage to printer components.
7. If the printer is often used (usually in the office - the office) do not turn off the printer after delesai used for printing, if the printer will be used again. Let the printer is turned on, this is to minimize over caunter hit, the limit caunter BIOS. Every printer has its limitations for printing typically 2000 times. Every time we turn on the printer then the counter will increase and considered 1 time scoring, just think we work for 8 hours and we turn off the printer 20 times in 8 hours of work, then the time to reset the counter in the BIOS.
8. Do not be too often print pictures or writing with a thick FILL it mengkibatkan head works hard so it will be easily damaged.
9. If your printer has been modified by using the infusion, it is better to put the infusion tube is parallel or lower than the printer, it is intended that the ink does not flow by itself when it is not active.
10. Clean foam or sponge sucking the rest of the ink from overflowing ink, ink may spill menyebebkan surge in electronic components printer. Cleaning sponge should be done once a year.

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How To Care Propely Handycam

Okey this time I will post about the handycam, handycam how to care for it well. For more details, read the following article.

Handycam
• Handycam is a multimedia tool that is used to take pictures / videos shaped object. Handycam is almost similar to the camera.
• Parts - Parts handycam
• The s / off
• The remote capture
• Lens
• Harddiks depends on whether he uses harddiks handycam
HOW TO MAINTAIN handycam
1. Do not put a really cool video to the camcorder. Moisture from the warmer air tends to condense on the video (like that fog your glasses when you get into in the winter), and that moisture can cause the ribbon attached to a rotating drum. Recording will get wrapped around the drum, destroy tapes and possibly damage the video heads.
2. The battery should not be left in the camcorder is not in use. Some cameras draw a small, but constant current even when switched off
3. Purchase "memory free" old camcorder batteries when replacing batteries. Batteries style allows you to use the battery for a short period of time, and content without developing a situation where the battery will only be charged for short-term use.
4. Do not leave the camera in a hot car cassette.
5. Do not put a label on camcorder footage where they can interfere with the door opening record. This can cause the cassette jammed in the camera.
6. We recommend that a technician to clean the tape heads when they get dirty. This will help maintain the life of the head.
7. Check whether packnya Battery is fully charged or not, if not should be in Charge (The contents of return) in an attached Batttery Camera / Video Handycam. Recharge can also be done outside the Camera / Video Handycam if any tools. (Should have a battery backup)
- Prepare New Memory Stick; Sony DVD-R 30min Or any other type of new / blank for use. and enter kedalan Camera / Video Handycam (or should have Caset Memory backup / data storage memory that has many species
- Make checks all control knobs are there to work or not, if not please in the report to the Dive Shop if still under warranty. Can also be a way of buying a new one.
- Check the button - the Operational Housyng Camera / Video Ikelite Housyng if there is any sign of cracking, if any help in report. To the Dive Shop if the warranty period. For in check existing cracks, leaks can occur or not. Pula can buy a new one

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Understanding Hardisk

I want to post an article that aims to make you know what exactly the hard drive it, divided over how hard and hard parts. For more details, read the following article.

understanding Hardisk
Hard drive storage is designed to be used to save the data in a large capacity. This is a background application that does not allow programs to be in one disk and also require large storage media files such as a database

function Hardisk
• Notebook serves as a primary data storage on a computer or laptop
Types of Hard Drive

 

-          ATA
AT Attachment (ATA) is an interface standard for Menghu ¬ bungkan storage devices such as hard disk, CD-ROM, or DVD-ROM drive on the computer.
ATA stands for Advanced Technology Attachment. ATA Standard is managed by a committee named X3/INCITS T13. ATA also has several other names, such as IDE and ATAPI. Since the introduction of the latest version of the ATA called Serial ATA, ATA version is then called Parallel ATA (PATA) to distinguish it from the new version of Serial ATA.

-           SATA
SATA is the development of the ATA. SATA is defined as a technology that is designed to replace the ATA in total. Serial ATA adapters can accommodate data transfer speeds higher than a simple ATA

Notebook parts

platter
 Form a plate or dish that serves as a storage data.Berbentuk round, a compact disc, has a magnetic pattern on the flanks permukaanya.Platter metal containing millions of tiny magnets called magnetic domain.Domain-this domain arranged in one or two directions to represent the binary "1" and "0"

In this dish consists of some of the tracks, and some sectors, where track and sctor this is a data storage and file system. For example, our hard drives with a capacity of 40 GB, when the format was not until the 40 Gb capacity. because they have no trac and sectors used to store the ID is the identifier of formatting the hard drive.

The number plate of each disk is different, depending on the technology used and the capacity of the hard-disk each harddisk.Untuk latest release, usually a plate has a capacity of 10 to 20 Gigabyte.Contohnya a capacity of 40 Gigabyte hard drive, usually consisting of two plates, each with a capacity of 20 Gigabyte.

Spindle
Spindle is a place to put platter.Poros shaft has a drive that serves to rotate the disk plate called a spindle motor.Spimdle whose role is involved in determining the quality the faster hard drive because putaranya, meaning the better the quality harddisknya.Satuan to measure the velocity is Rotation Per Minutes or referred RPM.Ukuran we often hear for the rotational speed of 5400 RPM, among others, 7200 RPM or 10000 RPM.

Head
This tool serves to read the data on the surface of the plate and the plate dalamnya.Setiap record information to disk has two surfaces head.Satu above and the other below the surface.

Head is in the form of an electromagnetic device that is placed on a surface plate and attaches to a slider.Slider attached to a handle which is attached to the actuator arm mounted arms.Actuator dead on the actuator shaft by a board called the logic board.

Therefore, when the hard work should not be any shock or vibration, because the head can swipe hard disk so that it will lead to bad sectors, and can also cause damage that Head Hard disk can no longer read the Track and Sector of the hard disk.

Logic Board
Logic Board is a board operating on the hard drive, which contained the logic Board Notebook Bios so hard when connected to the Mother Board automatically recognize the hard drive, such as Maxtor, Seagete etc.. besides the Logic Board Bios hard drive is also a switch or Power Supply and distribution of data from the hard drive to the motherboard Head Board for ki control by Processor.

Setting Jumper
 Each hardis has jumper settings, function to determine the position of the hard drive.

 
IDE connector
Actual Axis
 Is a shaft for a handle or a robotic arm that can be read sctor Head of the hard drive.—
Is the connecting cable between the hard drive with matherboard to send or receive data.

Ribbon Cable

Ribbon cable is the liaison between the Head to the Logic Board, where each document or data read by the Head will be sent to the Logic Board to the next in order to send to Mother Board Processor can process the data in accordance with the received input.

Currently the average hard drive is already using the system so it does not require a SATA ribbon cable (Cable IDE)
When installed on a computer hard drive 2 pieces, then by setting Setting Jumper we can determine where the hard drive where the Primary and Secondary hard disk is usually called Master and Slave.
Master is the main hard drive where the system is installed, while the Slave is the second hard drive is usually required for storage of documents and data. When Jumper setting is not set, then the hard drive will not work.
Power connector
 Is a source of direct current from the power supply.— Power supply to the hard drive there are two parts:
1. Voltage 12 Volt, serves to move the disc and mechanical as Head.
2. Voltage of 5 volts, is used to power on the Logic Board mesupply to work to send and receive data.

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How To Create Database

I want to share how to create a database with Access 2007. Well to create a database using Ms. Access 2007 the following steps:

1. Open the application Ms. Access 2007
2. Then Select the Blank Database to create a new database

3. Then the display will appear as below. Fill in the name of the database and then select the directory where to save the database and select the Create button

4. After that the worksheet will appear as below. When creating a new database, a table will automatically appear in the Preview object. To create a table you can simply right-click the table and select Design View

Or by selecting the Create Menu then on the Ribbon Tab select Table

5. Then the display will show the Save As, type the name of the desired table and select the Ok button

6. Then please pal design and content of the Field Properties Field to be made like the example below.

7. When finished, my friend can fill record of fields that has made its way on the menu and then on the Home Ribbon Tab select View then Datasheet View

8. Repeat the steps above if you want to add more tables

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