The process of formation of petroleum based organic theory

The process of formation of petroleum based organic theory
Maybe guns have thought before that the natural oil that is naturally created by these natural base ingredients from algae. Yes, in addition to algae, other biota in the form of leaves can also be a source of petroleum. But marine algae is important in producing oil. However, in the study of petroleum (which further and make mumet it) it is known that high levels of plant will produce more gas than oil produced. This is because the carbon chain is also more complex.
After the algae dies, it will be on the basis of sedimentary basins teredapkan. The presence of these algae can also at sea or in a lake. So it could be algae freshwater algae, and sea algae. Course the carbon-containing rocks can rock the result of deposition on the lake, in the delta, as well as on the sea floor. Rocks that contain a lot of carbon is called the Source Rock (rock Parent) contains elements Carbon-rich (high TOC-Total Organic Carbon).
The process of formation of carbon from the algae to the host rock is very specific. That is why not all sedimentary basins will contain oil or gasbumi. If carbon is oxidized it will decompose and even a carbon chain that can not be cooked.
Rock deposition process goes on and on. If this area continues to sink and continued by rocks piled on top of another, the rocks containing carbon will be heated. Course the we know that the entry into or vanish into the earth, the temperature will increase. Remember there is a geothermal gradient? (See explanation below maturation).Reservoir (rock Nest)
When the process is ongoing course the accumulation of many rock types hoard. One of the rocks that would later become the reservoir rock or rock nest. In principle, any type of rock can be a rock nest, which is important there is room inside pores. Rock nest may include sandstones, limestones and even volcanic rocks.
Process migration and trapping
The oil produced by the host rock is termatangkan course the form of crude oil. Although the form of liquids, crude minyakbumi the different physical characteristics of water. In this case, the most important physical properties of the heavy-type and viscosity. Yes, although a higher viscosity than water, but minyakbumi density is smaller. So it must follow the law Archimides. Remember the saga of the genius which run naked? Shouting, "Eureka .. eureka! ". So also with the oil that has BJ lower than the water will eventually tend to air "migration" and above.When oil is held in place by a form of rock that resembles a bowl upside down, the oil will get caught or more commonly referred trapped in a trap (trap). 
The process of maturation of the host rock (Source rock) '
For a little more sophisticated in understanding the formation of oil and gas, the following tale explains just a matter of maturation.As mentioned above that the maturation of source rock (host rock) is due to the heating process. Also known more in the host rock will ultimately generate more heat and oil. Surely there donk relationship between the depth of the maturation? Oh course the.The cooking process is temperature dependent, and because the temperature depends on the size of the geothermal gradient, each area is not the same level of maturity.Cold regions is low geothermal gradient areas, while areas of high geothermal gradient heat has.In this picture it appears that oil is formed at temperatures between 50-180 degrees Celsius. But the peak or part of maturity is achieved when the temperature reaches 100 degrees Celsius. As the temperature continues to increase as it gets down in the basin that also followed the addition of rock hoarders, the high temperature will cook the existing carbon into gas!Below is a map showing the notches of the oil producers in Indonesia. The green color indicates that the basin has produced oil and gas is greater than 5 Boe (Billion Oil Equivalent) or over 5 billion barrels of oil. Then between 1-5 billion, producing the yellow 1-1000 million barrels, and less than 10 million barrels of oil.