B3 Waste Treatment Technologies

This is the technologies used to treat waste B3

Definition B3 by BAPEDAL (1995) is any waste material (waste) the production processes that contain hazardous and toxic (B3) because of the nature (toxicity, flammability, reactivity, and corrosivity), and the concentration or amount that either directly or indirectly direct damage, pollute the environment, or harm to human health.According to the source, B3 waste can be classified into:• Primary sludge, the waste from sedimentation tank at the beginning of the separation of biomass and contains many organic compounds that are stable and volatile• Chemical sludge, the waste generated from the process of coagulation and flocculation• Excess activated sludge, the waste from the activated sludge process with less processing that contains a lot of organic solids such as sludge from the process• Digested sludge, the waste from biological treatment with aerobic and anaerobic digested where solids / sludge produced is quite stable and contains a lot of organic solids.There are plenty of B3 waste treatment technologies in the industry, the three most popular technology of which is chemical conditioning, solidification / stabilization, and Incineration.
        1. Chemical ConditioningChemical conditioning consisted of several stages as follows:• Concentration thickeningThis phase aims to reduce the volume of sludge to be treated by increasing the solids content. The tools commonly used in this stage is gravity thickener and a solid bowl centrifuge. This stage is basically an early stage before the waste is reduced water content in the subsequent stages of de-watering.• Treatment, stabilization, and conditioningThe second stage aims to stabilize organic compounds and destroy pathogens. The stabilization process can be done through a process of conditioning in chemistry, physics, and biology. The processes involved in this stage is lagooning, anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, heat treatment, polyelectrolite flocculation, chemical conditioning, and elutriation.• De-watering and dryingDe-watering and drying aim to eliminate or reduce the water content and reducing the volume of sludge. The process involved in this stage generally is drying and filtration. Equipment used is drying beds, filter press, centrifuge, vacuum filters, and belt press.• DisposalDisposal is the process of waste disposal B3. Some of the processes that occur before the B3 waste is disposed of pyrolysis, wet air oxidation, and composting. B3 waste landfills generally are sanitary landfills, land crop, or injection well.
        2. Solidification / stabilizationIn addition to chemical conditiong, technology solidification / stabilization can also be applied to treat waste B3. In general, stabilization can be defined as the process of pencapuran waste with additives (additive) with the goal of reducing the rate of migration of contaminants from the waste and to reduce the toxicity of the waste. While the solidification process of compaction is defined as a hazardous material by the addition of additives. Both processes are often linked so often considered to have the same meaning. The process of solidification / stabilization based mechanisms can be divided into six categories, namely:• Macroencapsulation, the process by which hazardous materials in the waste matrix wrapped wdalam large structures• Microencapsulation, which is a process that is similar macroencapsulation but physically contaminates encased in crystal structure at the microscopic level• Precipitation• Adsorption, which is a process whereby pollutants tied compactor electrochemical materials through adsorption mechanism.• Absorption, the solidification process with menyerapkannya pollutants into solid materials• Detoxification, the process of converting a toxic compound into other compounds that lower levels of toxicity or even disappear altogether.3. IncinerationCombustion technology (Incineration) is an attractive alternative in waste treatment technologies. Incineration reduces the volume and mass of waste by about 90% (by volume) and 75% (by weight). This technology is actually not the final solution of the solid waste management system because it's basically just move the solid waste from the visible to the form of an invisible gas. Incineration process produces energy in the form of heat. However, incineration has several advantages in which most of the components B3 and reduced waste can be destroyed quickly. In addition, incineration requires a relatively small area.